RPG
D4, D6, D8, D10, D12 and D20. It's all you need.Mechanics
The rule system handle the progression of the player character and the rules of the game world.
Quests
What the player need to to next and his progression in the game world is tracked by quests. Each quest is a single task that needs to be done.
The Quest for the Custom Quest System - 2017
The system in the game that track the players quests and show what he should or could do next.
How the player speaks to non player characters in the game.
Exploring the world is common in role playing games so a map system is important to show the player where he is in the world.
Reputation systems
Crafting
Inventory
Designing an RPG Inventory System That Fits: Preliminary Steps
Game Design Essentials: 20 RPGs - 2009
NPC schedules
Games
Why RPGs are so hard to classify and evolve? - 2016
The CRPG Book Project - 2016
Wikipedia: List of role-playing video games