Ragdoll
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A ragdoll is a group of rigid body's, constrained to each other, that are used to drive the pose of a character. When a character is dead and falls over a rail it it can be changed to a ragdoll to make it hit things on the way down.
Rigid Body
For a human a common rigidbody setup is lower and upper arms, lower and upper legs, one each for lower and upper body and one for head.
Constraints
Reference