Scale

Scale modify the size of an object. If the same value k is used for each axis it's called a uniform scale and if different values are used it is called a non-uniform scale.

Scale along cardinal axes

2D =| k_x 0 |

| 0 k_y |

3D =| k_x 0 0 |

| 0 k_y 0 |

| 0 0 k_z|

Scale in a arbitrary direction